{ "id": "mn-history-timeline", "name": "Minnesota History Timeline", "description": "60 dated events in Minnesota history, from the earliest people to today, each with the agency, archive or encyclopedia page it was read from.", "page": "https://itsminnesota.com/history/timeline/", "csv": "https://itsminnesota.com/data/downloads/mn-history-timeline.csv", "json": "https://itsminnesota.com/data/downloads/mn-history-timeline.json", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "It's Minnesota (itsminnesota.com), CC BY 4.0", "citation": "It's Minnesota (2026). Minnesota History Timeline. https://itsminnesota.com/history/timeline/", "publisher": "It's Minnesota", "geo_scope": "Minnesota, USA", "last_checked": "2026-10-20", "row_count": 60, "columns": [ "date", "era", "event", "place", "county", "source_title", "source_url", "checked" ], "column_notes": { "date": "Date as the source writes it", "era": "Era of state history (our grouping)", "event": "One-sentence description", "place": "City, county or area", "county": "County where one applies", "source_title": "Title of the source page", "source_url": "Source page the row was read from", "checked": "Date (YYYY-MM-DD) the row was read" }, "rows": [ { "date": "ca. 9,000 BCE to 1600s/1700s CE", "era": "First peoples", "event": "Carvers began making the Jeffers Petroglyphs, an estimated 11,000-year span of rock carvings on a long rock ridge in Cottonwood County; the earliest date to about 9,000 BCE.", "place": "Jeffers Petroglyphs, near Comfrey", "county": "Cottonwood", "source_title": "MNopedia: Jeffers Petroglyphs", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/jeffers-petroglyphs", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "As long as 10,000 years ago", "era": "First peoples", "event": "Native people came to Bdote, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, to hunt, fish and celebrate; Dakota people hold the place sacred.", "place": "Bdote (Fort Snelling area)", "county": "Hennepin / Dakota", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "As early as 7000 BCE", "era": "First peoples", "event": "Archaeological evidence suggests Native Americans lived near Lake Vermilion.", "place": "Lake Vermilion, Soudan area", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Lake Vermilion–Soudan Underground Mine State Park", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/lake-vermilion-soudan-underground-mine-state-park", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Over 3,000 years (ongoing)", "era": "First peoples", "event": "Indigenous people have quarried the red stone at Pipestone to make pipes used in prayer and ceremony, a tradition that continues today.", "place": "Pipestone National Monument", "county": "Pipestone", "source_title": "NPS: Minnesota state page (Pipestone NM summary)", "source_url": "https://www.nps.gov/state/mn/index.htm", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Over a thousand years", "era": "First peoples", "event": "Wic̣aḣapi (Indian Mounds) has been a sacred burial place for over a thousand years; it holds the only known remaining burial mounds in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul urban core.", "place": "Wic̣aḣapi / Indian Mounds Regional Park, St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "City of Saint Paul: Wic̣aḣapi", "source_url": "https://www.stpaul.gov/facilities/wicahapi", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Mid-1600s", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "Europeans arrived in the region; French and British traders sought furs from Native trappers in exchange for cloth, metal goods, firearms and more.", "place": "Minnesota river valleys", "county": null, "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Around 1680", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "A group of Ojibwe people migrated westward along Lake Superior's north shore to Thunder Bay and eventually Grand Portage Bay (Gichi Onigamiing, the great carrying place).", "place": "Grand Portage", "county": "Cook", "source_title": "MNopedia: Grand Portage (Gichi Onigamiing)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/grand-portage-gichi-onigamiing", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1680", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "Father Louis Hennepin saw the falls the Dakota call Owamniyomni and named them St. Anthony Falls.", "place": "St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Draining of Glacial Lake Agassiz", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/draining-glacial-lake-agassiz", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "August 22, 1731", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "Pierre de la Vérendrye landed at Gichi Onigamiing, which grew into a major fur-trade rendezvous point Europeans called Grand Portage.", "place": "Grand Portage", "county": "Cook", "source_title": "MNopedia: Grand Portage (Gichi Onigamiing)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/grand-portage-gichi-onigamiing", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1750", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "Battles between Ojibwe and Dakota at Kathio/Mille Lacs (and at the Crow Wing River in 1768) eventually enabled the Ojibwe to permanently inhabit much of northern Minnesota.", "place": "Kathio / Mille Lacs", "county": "Mille Lacs", "source_title": "MNopedia: At Home and Abroad: Minnesota at War", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/home-and-abroad-minnesota-war", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "By 1784", "era": "Fur trade era", "event": "The North West Company was running two operations at Grand Portage: Fort Charlotte at the portage's western end and Fort George, a trading depot.", "place": "Grand Portage", "county": "Cook", "source_title": "MNopedia: Grand Portage (Gichi Onigamiing)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/grand-portage-gichi-onigamiing", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1805", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "The U.S. Army ordered Lt. Zebulon Pike to find a site for a military post on the Mississippi; he chose land near Bdote.", "place": "Bdote", "county": "Hennepin / Dakota", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1819", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "Troops began building the fort at Bdote from Platteville limestone quarried from the river bluff.", "place": "Historic Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1821", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "Soldiers stationed at Fort Snelling built Minnesota's first sawmill at St. Anthony Falls.", "place": "St. Anthony Falls, Minneapolis", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Origins of Commercial Logging, 1821–1839", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/thing/origins-of-commercial-logging-1821-1839", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1825", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "Fort St. Anthony was completed and renamed Fort Snelling for Col. Josiah Snelling, who supervised construction.", "place": "Historic Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1836", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "Indian agent Lawrence Taliaferro, who enslaved people, officiated the marriage of Harriet Robinson and Dred Scott; the Scotts later cited their Fort Snelling residence in Scott v. Sandford.", "place": "Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Taliaferro, Lawrence (1794–1871)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/taliaferro-lawrence-1794-1871", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1837", "era": "Fort Snelling and treaties", "event": "Through the Treaty of St. Peters (1837), and later La Pointe (1854), the U.S. acquired most Ojibwe land in eastern Minnesota.", "place": "Eastern Minnesota", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Treaty of Washington, 1855", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/treaty-washington-1855", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "March 3, 1849", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "Minnesota became a U.S. territory under the Organic Act of 1849, with St. Paul as the temporary seat of government.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minnesota's First State Capitol", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/minnesotas-first-state-capitol", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1850–1930", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "Over a quarter of a million Swedes came to Minnesota, settling first in rural areas and later in cities.", "place": "Statewide", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Swedish Immigration to Minnesota", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/swedish-immigration-minnesota", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1851", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "The Treaties of Traverse des Sioux and Mendota were signed; the U.S. government acquired millions of acres from the Dakota, and settlers and speculators poured in.", "place": "Traverse des Sioux (St. Peter) and Mendota", "county": "Nicollet / Dakota", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1853", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "Minnesota's first capitol building was completed in St. Paul; it served territorial and early state government until it burned in 1881.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minnesota's First State Capitol", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/minnesotas-first-state-capitol", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1855", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "The Treaty of Washington ceded a large portion of Ojibwe land and created the Leech Lake and Mille Lacs reservations.", "place": "North-central Minnesota", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Treaty of Washington, 1855", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/treaty-washington-1855", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "May 11, 1858", "era": "Territory and statehood", "event": "Congress passed and President James Buchanan approved the bill admitting Minnesota to the Union; state officers took their oaths on May 24, 1858.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "Minnesota Secretary of State: Admission of Minnesota into the Union 1858", "source_url": "https://www.sos.mn.gov/about-minnesota/minnesota-government/admission-of-minnesota-into-the-union-1858/", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "April 12, 1861", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "On the day the Civil War began, Gov. Alexander Ramsey pledged 1,000 Minnesota troops, the first state to make such an offer; about 25,000 soldiers later passed through Fort Snelling.", "place": "Fort Snelling / St. Paul", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "August 17, 1862", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "Four Dakota hunters killed five settlers in Acton Township; that night a group of Mdewakanton men persuaded a reluctant Ta Oyate Duta to lead a war, amid late annuity payments and traders' refusal of credit to hungry Dakota.", "place": "Acton Township; Lower Sioux Agency", "county": "Meeker / Redwood", "source_title": "MNopedia: US–Dakota War of 1862", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/us-dakota-war-1862", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "September 23, 1862", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "At the Battle of Wood Lake, the final engagement of the six-week war, Sibley's forces defeated the Dakota; on September 26 held captives gathered at Camp Release. More than 600 settlers had been killed; the number of Dakota casualties is unrecorded.", "place": "Wood Lake; Camp Release", "county": "Yellow Medicine / Lac qui Parle", "source_title": "MNopedia: US–Dakota War of 1862", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/us-dakota-war-1862", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Late 1862", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "After the war the U.S. government nullified its treaties with the Dakota, dissolved their reservation, and publicly executed thirty-eight Dakota men in Mankato, the largest mass hanging in the nation's history.", "place": "Mankato", "county": "Blue Earth", "source_title": "MNopedia: US–Dakota War of 1862", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/us-dakota-war-1862", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Winter 1862–1863", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "About 1,600 Dakota non-combatants were imprisoned in a concentration camp at Fort Snelling; the next spring they, and nearly 2,000 Ho-Chunk people from Blue Earth, were removed to Dakota Territory.", "place": "Fort Snelling (now Fort Snelling State Park)", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: US–Dakota War of 1862", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/us-dakota-war-1862", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "July 3, 1863", "era": "US-Dakota War and Civil War", "event": "The First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry captured the battle flag of the 28th Virginia at Gettysburg; the flag has remained in St. Paul since 1886.", "place": "Gettysburg, Pa. (flag in St. Paul)", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Twenty-eighth Virginia Infantry Regimental Battle Flag", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/thing/twenty-eighth-virginia-infantry-regimental-battle-flag", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Late 1867", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "Oliver Hudson Kelley, whose farm near Elk River is now an MNHS site, and six associates founded the National Grange (Order of the Patrons of Husbandry).", "place": "Elk River (Kelley Farm)", "county": "Sherburne", "source_title": "MNopedia: State Grange of Minnesota", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/group/state-grange-minnesota", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1870", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "Gov. Horace Austin vetoed the female suffrage bill, the first to pass both the Minnesota House and Senate.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minnesota Female Suffrage Bill, 1870", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/thing/minnesota-female-suffrage-bill-1870", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1874", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "Cadwallader C. Washburn built the first Washburn A Mill at St. Anthony Falls; an explosion and fire leveled it in 1878 and it was rebuilt.", "place": "Minneapolis (now Mill City Museum)", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Washburn A Mill", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/washburn-mill", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "March 1, 1881", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "Fire destroyed Minnesota's first capitol during the legislative session; no lives were lost and lawmakers saved key documents.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: State Capitol Fire, 1881", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/state-capitol-fire-1881", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1882", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "The Soudan Underground Mine began an 80-year run (1882–1962) on the Vermilion Iron Range.", "place": "Soudan", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "Minnesota DNR: Soudan Underground Mine tours", "source_url": "https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state-parks/tours/lake-vermilion-soudan.html", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1882–1888", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "The 25th U.S. Infantry Regiment, a segregated African American unit, was garrisoned at Fort Snelling.", "place": "Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1890", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "The Merritt family found a large hematite deposit near present-day Mountain Iron, opening the Mesabi Iron Range.", "place": "Mountain Iron", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Mesabi Iron Range", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/mesabi-iron-range", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "September 1, 1894", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "The Great Hinckley Fire burned between 250 and 480 square miles in about four hours and killed at least 413 people.", "place": "Hinckley", "county": "Pine", "source_title": "MNopedia: Great Hinckley Fire, 1894", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/great-hinckley-fire-1894", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1896–1905", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "Minnesota's third (current) State Capitol, designed by St. Paul architect Cass Gilbert, was built.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minnesota's Third State Capitol", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/minnesota-s-third-state-capitol", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1897", "era": "Industry and immigration", "event": "The Hermann monument was built in New Ulm with funds from Sons of Hermann lodges, reflecting German American immigrant pride.", "place": "New Ulm", "county": "Brown", "source_title": "MNopedia: \"Hermann the German\" Monument, New Ulm", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/structure/hermann-german-monument-new-ulm", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "November 27, 1905", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "The Mataafa storm on Lake Superior claimed thirty-six lives; the losses led to new lighthouses at Split Rock and Duluth in 1910.", "place": "Lake Superior off Duluth", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Mataafa Storm, 1905", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/mataafa-storm-1905", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1910", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "Split Rock light station was commissioned.", "place": "Split Rock Lighthouse, near Two Harbors", "county": "Lake", "source_title": "MNHS: Split Rock Lighthouse timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/splitrock/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "June 2, 1916", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "An IWW-coordinated strike of mostly immigrant iron ore miners began on the Mesabi Range; up to eight thousand miners struck.", "place": "Aurora and Mesabi Range", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Mesabi Iron Range Strike, 1916", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/mesabi-iron-range-strike-1916", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1918", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "The influenza pandemic killed over 10,000 Minnesotans.", "place": "Statewide", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Influenza Epidemic in Minnesota, 1918", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/influenza-epidemic-minnesota-1918", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "September 8, 1919", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "Minnesota became the fifteenth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minnesota Woman Suffrage Memorial, St. Paul", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/thing/minnesota-woman-suffrage-memorial-st-paul", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "June 15, 1920", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "A mob estimated at 10,000 people broke into the Duluth police station and lynched three young Black circus workers, Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson and Isaac McGhie, who had been falsely accused of rape; no one was ever convicted of their murders.", "place": "Duluth", "county": "St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Duluth Lynchings", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/duluth-lynchings", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "April 21, 1921", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "After lobbying by Black Minnesotans, the legislature passed a state anti-lynching law.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Duluth Lynchings", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/duluth-lynchings", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "May 1927", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "Little Falls native Charles A. Lindbergh completed the first nonstop solo transatlantic flight.", "place": "Little Falls (boyhood home)", "county": "Morrison", "source_title": "MNopedia: Lindbergh, Charles A. (1902–1974)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/person/lindbergh-charles-1902-1974", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1934", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "Minneapolis Teamsters Local 574 struck and, despite violent resistance from authorities, won its demands.", "place": "Minneapolis", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Minneapolis Teamsters' Strike, 1934", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/minneapolis-teamsters-strike-1934", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "August 25, 1937", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the bill creating the 116-acre Pipestone National Monument, with exclusive quarrying rights for Indigenous people.", "place": "Pipestone", "county": "Pipestone", "source_title": "MNopedia: Pipestone Quarry", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/pipestone-quarry", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1941–1945", "era": "Early 20th century", "event": "More than 300,000 men and women joined the U.S. military at Fort Snelling during World War II; 6,000 soldiers studied Japanese at a military language school there.", "place": "Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1956–1968", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "Construction of Interstate 94 cut St. Paul's Rondo neighborhood, a center of African American life, in half.", "place": "St. Paul (Rondo)", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "MNopedia: Rondo Neighborhood, St. Paul", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/rondo-neighborhood-st-paul", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1958", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "The Grand Portage tribal council ceded 709.97 acres to the U.S., allowing the NPS to establish Grand Portage National Monument two years later (it had been a National Historic Site since 1951).", "place": "Grand Portage", "county": "Cook", "source_title": "MNopedia: Grand Portage National Monument", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/place/grand-portage-national-monument", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1960", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "Fort Snelling became Minnesota's first National Historic Landmark; MNHS began restoration five years later.", "place": "Historic Fort Snelling", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNHS: Historic Fort Snelling timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/fortsnelling/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "1968", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "The American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded by grassroots activists in Minneapolis.", "place": "Minneapolis", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: American Indian Movement (AIM)", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/group/american-indian-movement-aim", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "Late 1975", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "The first Hmong refugees arrived in Minnesota after the communist seizure of power in Indochina.", "place": "Twin Cities", "county": null, "source_title": "MNopedia: Hmong and Hmong Americans in Minnesota", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/hmong-and-hmong-americans-minnesota", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "November 10, 1975", "era": "Postwar and civil rights", "event": "The freighter Edmund Fitzgerald and her 29 crew members were lost on Lake Superior; Split Rock's beacon is lit each November 10 in their memory.", "place": "Lake Superior (memorial at Split Rock)", "county": "Lake", "source_title": "MNHS: Split Rock Lighthouse timeline", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/splitrock/learn/timeline", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "2003", "era": "Today", "event": "The Clayton Jackson McGhie Memorial was dedicated in Duluth across from the lynching site, and Mill City Museum opened in the Washburn A Mill ruins.", "place": "Duluth; Minneapolis", "county": "St. Louis / Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: Duluth Lynchings; Washburn A Mill", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/duluth-lynchings", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "August 2007", "era": "Today", "event": "The I-35W bridge over the Mississippi in Minneapolis collapsed during the evening rush; a design error made in the 1960s was blamed.", "place": "Minneapolis", "county": "Hennepin", "source_title": "MNopedia: I-35W Bridge Collapse", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/event/i-35w-bridge-collapse", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "2020", "era": "Today", "event": "Minneapolis resident George Floyd was killed while in police custody; on June 15, 2020, more than 1,000 people gathered at the Clayton Jackson McGhie Memorial in Duluth to mark the lynchings' centennial.", "place": "Minneapolis; Duluth", "county": "Hennepin / St. Louis", "source_title": "MNopedia: Clayton Jackson McGhie Memorial, Duluth", "source_url": "https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/thing/clayton-jackson-mcghie-memorial-duluth", "checked": "2026-10-20" }, { "date": "September 22, 2023", "era": "Today", "event": "Gov. Tim Walz signed Executive Order 23-11 creating the Governor's Committee on Minnesota America 250 to coordinate commemorations of the 250th anniversary of the American Revolution.", "place": "St. Paul", "county": "Ramsey", "source_title": "Executive Order 23-11 (Minnesota Legislative Reference Library)", "source_url": "https://www.lrl.mn.gov/archive/execorders/23-11.pdf", "checked": "2026-10-20" } ] }